[web] Fixes drag scrolling in embedded mode. (flutter/engine#53647)

When Flutter web runs embedded in a page, scrolling by dragging is interrupted very early by the browser.

It turns out that our `pointer` events receive a `pointercancel` + `pointerleave` by the browser because they happen in an area (the flutter glasspane) that is not really scrollable. [See documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/pointercancel_event).

  > [!NOTE]
  > After the pointercancel event is fired, the browser will also send [pointerout](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/pointerout_event) followed by [pointerleave](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/pointerleave_event).

(Firefox is a good browser to test this, because the browser will cancel our events **only if there's scrollable areas around the embedded flutter app**.)

There's several solutions, but one of them (used by PixiJS as well) is to cancel the `touchstart` event that fires with the `pointerdown` event.

(This PR also removes an unnecessary call to `addEventListener` in the `Listener` helper class, and adds some testing to it).

## Testing

* Added a happy case test for the fix (preventDefault on 'touchstart' events)
* Deployed demo app here: https://dit-multiview-scroll.web.app

## Issues

* Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/138985
* Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/146732
* Related to https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/139263

[C++, Objective-C, Java style guides]: https://github.com/flutter/engine/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#style

engine/src/flutter/lib/web_ui/lib/src/engine/dom.dart

@@ -431,6 +431,9 @@ extension DomEventExtension on DomEvent {
   external JSString get _type;
   String get type => _type.toDart;
 
+  external JSBoolean? get _cancelable;
+  bool get cancelable => _cancelable?.toDart ?? true;
+
   external JSVoid preventDefault();
   external JSVoid stopPropagation();
 
@@ -729,6 +732,8 @@ extension DomElementExtension on DomElement {
       removeChild(firstChild!);
     }
   }
+
+  external void setPointerCapture(num? pointerId);
 }
 
 @JS()

engine/src/flutter/lib/web_ui/lib/src/engine/pointer_binding.dart

@@ -432,8 +432,10 @@ class PointerSupportDetector {
   String toString() => 'pointers:$hasPointerEvents';
 }
 
-class _Listener {
-  _Listener._({
+/// Encapsulates a DomEvent registration so it can be easily unregistered later.
+@visibleForTesting
+class Listener {
+  Listener._({
     required this.event,
     required this.target,
     required this.handler,
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@ class _Listener {
   /// associated with this event. If `passive` is false, the browser will wait
   /// for the handler to finish execution before performing the respective
   /// action.
-  factory _Listener.register({
+  factory Listener.register({
     required String event,
     required DomEventTarget target,
     required DartDomEventListener handler,
@@ -465,12 +467,12 @@ class _Listener {
       target.addEventListenerWithOptions(event, jsHandler, eventOptions);
     }
 
-    final _Listener listener = _Listener._(
+    final Listener listener = Listener._(
       event: event,
       target: target,
       handler: jsHandler,
     );
-    target.addEventListener(event, jsHandler);
+
     return listener;
   }
 
@@ -496,12 +498,12 @@ abstract class _BaseAdapter {
   PointerDataConverter get _pointerDataConverter => _owner._pointerDataConverter;
   KeyboardConverter? get _keyboardConverter => _owner._keyboardConverter;
 
-  final List<_Listener> _listeners = <_Listener>[];
+  final List<Listener> _listeners = <Listener>[];
   DomWheelEvent? _lastWheelEvent;
   bool _lastWheelEventWasTrackpad = false;
   bool _lastWheelEventAllowedDefault = false;
 
-  DomEventTarget get _viewTarget => _view.dom.rootElement;
+  DomElement get _viewTarget => _view.dom.rootElement;
   DomEventTarget get _globalTarget => _view.embeddingStrategy.globalEventTarget;
 
   /// Each subclass is expected to override this method to attach its own event
@@ -510,7 +512,7 @@ abstract class _BaseAdapter {
 
   /// Cleans up all event listeners attached by this adapter.
   void dispose() {
-    for (final _Listener listener in _listeners) {
+    for (final Listener listener in _listeners) {
       listener.unregister();
     }
     _listeners.clear();
@@ -546,7 +548,7 @@ abstract class _BaseAdapter {
         handler(event);
       }
     }
-    _listeners.add(_Listener.register(
+    _listeners.add(Listener.register(
       event: eventName,
       target: target,
       handler: loggedHandler,
@@ -719,7 +721,7 @@ mixin _WheelEventListenerMixin on _BaseAdapter {
   }
 
   void _addWheelEventListener(DartDomEventListener handler) {
-    _listeners.add(_Listener.register(
+    _listeners.add(Listener.register(
       event: 'wheel',
       target: _viewTarget,
       handler: handler,
@@ -966,6 +968,20 @@ class _PointerAdapter extends _BaseAdapter with _WheelEventListenerMixin {
 
   @override
   void setup() {
+    // Prevents the browser auto-canceling pointer events.
+    // Register into `_listener` directly so the event isn't forwarded to semantics.
+    _listeners.add(Listener.register(
+      event: 'touchstart',
+      target: _viewTarget,
+      handler: (DomEvent event) {
+        // This is one of the ways I've seen this done. PixiJS does a similar thing.
+        // ThreeJS seems to subscribe move/leave in the pointerdown handler instead?
+        if (event.cancelable) {
+          event.preventDefault();
+        }
+      },
+    ));
+
     _addPointerEventListener(_viewTarget, 'pointerdown', (DomPointerEvent event) {
       final int device = _getPointerId(event);
       final List<ui.PointerData> pointerData = <ui.PointerData>[];

engine/src/flutter/lib/web_ui/test/engine/pointer_binding_test.dart

@@ -305,6 +305,18 @@ void testMain() {
     },
   );
 
+  test('prevents default on touchstart events', () async {
+    final event = createDomEvent('Event', 'touchstart');
+
+    rootElement.dispatchEvent(event);
+
+    expect(
+      event.defaultPrevented,
+      isTrue,
+      reason: 'touchstart events should be prevented so pointer events are not cancelled later.',
+    );
+  });
+
   test(
     'can receive pointer events on the app root',
     () {
@@ -2670,6 +2682,60 @@ void testMain() {
     );
   });
 
+  group('Listener', () {
+    late DomElement eventTarget;
+    late DomEvent expected;
+    late bool handled;
+
+    setUp(() {
+      eventTarget = createDomElement('div');
+      expected = createDomEvent('Event', 'custom-event');
+      handled = false;
+    });
+
+    test('listeners can be registered', () {
+      Listener.register(
+        event: 'custom-event',
+        target: eventTarget,
+        handler: (event) {
+          expect(event, expected);
+          handled = true;
+        },
+      );
+
+      // Trigger the event...
+      eventTarget.dispatchEvent(expected);
+      expect(handled, isTrue);
+    });
+
+    test('listeners can be unregistered', () {
+      final Listener listener = Listener.register(
+        event: 'custom-event',
+        target: eventTarget,
+        handler: (event) {
+          handled = true;
+        },
+      );
+      listener.unregister();
+
+      eventTarget.dispatchEvent(expected);
+      expect(handled, isFalse);
+    });
+
+    test('listeners are registered only once', () {
+      int timesHandled = 0;
+      Listener.register(
+        event: 'custom-event',
+        target: eventTarget,
+        handler: (event) {
+          timesHandled++;
+        },
+      );
+      eventTarget.dispatchEvent(expected);
+      expect(timesHandled, 1, reason: 'The handler ran multiple times for a single event.');
+    });
+  });
+
   group('ClickDebouncer', () {
     _testClickDebouncer(getBinding: () => instance);
   });