Add FormField.errorBuilder (#162255)

## Description

This PR adds the `TextFormField.errorBuilder`property which makes it
possible to customize the widget used to display the error message.

Implementation based on
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/156275#issuecomment-2521651828

## Related Issue

Fixes [Unable to use validator along with error widget in
TextFormField](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/133629)
Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/135292

## Tests

Adds 1 tests.

packages/flutter/lib/src/material/dropdown.dart

@@ -1722,6 +1722,7 @@ class DropdownButtonFormField<T> extends FormField<T> {
     InputDecoration? decoration,
     super.onSaved,
     super.validator,
+    super.errorBuilder,
     AutovalidateMode? autovalidateMode,
     double? menuMaxHeight,
     bool? enableFeedback,
@@ -1747,10 +1748,8 @@ class DropdownButtonFormField<T> extends FormField<T> {
          autovalidateMode: autovalidateMode ?? AutovalidateMode.disabled,
          builder: (FormFieldState<T> field) {
            final _DropdownButtonFormFieldState<T> state = field as _DropdownButtonFormFieldState<T>;
-           final InputDecoration decorationArg = decoration ?? const InputDecoration();
-           final InputDecoration effectiveDecoration = decorationArg.applyDefaults(
-             Theme.of(field.context).inputDecorationTheme,
-           );
+           InputDecoration effectiveDecoration = (decoration ?? const InputDecoration())
+               .applyDefaults(Theme.of(field.context).inputDecorationTheme);
 
            final bool showSelectedItem =
                items != null &&
@@ -1767,6 +1766,22 @@ class DropdownButtonFormField<T> extends FormField<T> {
                    : effectiveHint != null || effectiveDisabledHint != null;
            final bool isEmpty = !showSelectedItem && !isHintOrDisabledHintAvailable;
 
+           if (field.errorText != null || effectiveDecoration.hintText != null) {
+             final Widget? error =
+                 field.errorText != null && errorBuilder != null
+                     ? errorBuilder(state.context, field.errorText!)
+                     : null;
+             final String? errorText = error == null ? field.errorText : null;
+             // Clear the decoration hintText because DropdownButton has its own hint logic.
+             final String? hintText = effectiveDecoration.hintText != null ? '' : null;
+
+             effectiveDecoration = effectiveDecoration.copyWith(
+               error: error,
+               errorText: errorText,
+               hintText: hintText,
+             );
+           }
+
            // An unfocusable Focus widget so that this widget can detect if its
            // descendants have focus or not.
            return Focus(
@@ -1800,11 +1815,7 @@ class DropdownButtonFormField<T> extends FormField<T> {
                      enableFeedback: enableFeedback,
                      alignment: alignment,
                      borderRadius: borderRadius,
-                     // Clear the decoration hintText because DropdownButton has its own hint logic.
-                     inputDecoration: effectiveDecoration.copyWith(
-                       errorText: field.errorText,
-                       hintText: effectiveDecoration.hintText != null ? '' : null,
-                     ),
+                     inputDecoration: effectiveDecoration,
                      isEmpty: isEmpty,
                      padding: padding,
                    ),

packages/flutter/lib/src/material/text_form_field.dart

@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ class TextFormField extends FormField<String> {
     ValueChanged<String>? onFieldSubmitted,
     super.onSaved,
     super.validator,
+    super.errorBuilder,
     List<TextInputFormatter>? inputFormatters,
     bool? enabled,
     bool? ignorePointers,
@@ -209,8 +210,17 @@ class TextFormField extends FormField<String> {
          autovalidateMode: autovalidateMode ?? AutovalidateMode.disabled,
          builder: (FormFieldState<String> field) {
            final _TextFormFieldState state = field as _TextFormFieldState;
-           final InputDecoration effectiveDecoration = (decoration ?? const InputDecoration())
+           InputDecoration effectiveDecoration = (decoration ?? const InputDecoration())
                .applyDefaults(Theme.of(field.context).inputDecorationTheme);
+
+           final String? errorText = field.errorText;
+           if (errorText != null) {
+             effectiveDecoration =
+                 errorBuilder != null
+                     ? effectiveDecoration.copyWith(error: errorBuilder(state.context, errorText))
+                     : effectiveDecoration.copyWith(errorText: errorText);
+           }
+
            void onChangedHandler(String value) {
              field.didChange(value);
              onChanged?.call(value);
@@ -223,7 +233,7 @@ class TextFormField extends FormField<String> {
                restorationId: restorationId,
                controller: state._effectiveController,
                focusNode: focusNode,
-               decoration: effectiveDecoration.copyWith(errorText: field.errorText),
+               decoration: effectiveDecoration,
                keyboardType: keyboardType,
                textInputAction: textInputAction,
                style: style,

packages/flutter/lib/src/widgets/form.dart

@@ -421,6 +421,14 @@ class _FormScope extends InheritedWidget {
 /// Used by [FormField.validator].
 typedef FormFieldValidator<T> = String? Function(T? value);
 
+/// Signature for a callback that builds an error widget.
+///
+/// See also:
+///
+///  * [FormField.errorBuilder], which is of this type, and passes the result error
+/// given by [TextFormField.validator].
+typedef FormFieldErrorBuilder = Widget Function(BuildContext context, String errorText);
+
 /// Signature for being notified when a form field changes value.
 ///
 /// Used by [FormField.onSaved].
@@ -460,12 +468,19 @@ class FormField<T> extends StatefulWidget {
     this.onSaved,
     this.forceErrorText,
     this.validator,
+    this.errorBuilder,
     this.initialValue,
     this.enabled = true,
     AutovalidateMode? autovalidateMode,
     this.restorationId,
   }) : autovalidateMode = autovalidateMode ?? AutovalidateMode.disabled;
 
+  /// Function that returns the widget representing this form field.
+  ///
+  /// It is passed the form field state as input, containing the current value
+  /// and validation state of this field.
+  final FormFieldBuilder<T> builder;
+
   /// An optional method to call with the final value when the form is saved via
   /// [FormState.save].
   final FormFieldSetter<T>? onSaved;
@@ -503,10 +518,14 @@ class FormField<T> extends StatefulWidget {
   /// parameter to a space.
   final FormFieldValidator<T>? validator;
 
-  /// Function that returns the widget representing this form field. It is
-  /// passed the form field state as input, containing the current value and
-  /// validation state of this field.
-  final FormFieldBuilder<T> builder;
+  /// Function that returns the widget representing the error to display.
+  ///
+  /// It is passed the form field validator error string as input.
+  /// The resulting widget is passed to [InputDecoration.error].
+  ///
+  /// If null, the validator error string is passed to
+  /// [InputDecoration.errorText].
+  final FormFieldErrorBuilder? errorBuilder;
 
   /// An optional value to initialize the form field to, or null otherwise.
   ///

packages/flutter/test/material/dropdown_form_field_test.dart

@@ -1229,4 +1229,28 @@ void main() {
     expect(inputDecorator.isFocused, true);
     expect(inputDecorator.decoration.errorText, 'Required');
   });
+
+  // Regression test for https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/135292.
+  testWidgets('Widget returned by errorBuilder is shown', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      MaterialApp(
+        home: Material(
+          child: DropdownButtonFormField<String>(
+            items:
+                menuItems.map((String value) {
+                  return DropdownMenuItem<String>(value: value, child: Text(value));
+                }).toList(),
+            onChanged: onChanged,
+            autovalidateMode: AutovalidateMode.always,
+            validator: (String? v) => 'Required',
+            errorBuilder: (BuildContext context, String errorText) => Text('**$errorText**'),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+
+    await tester.pump();
+
+    expect(find.text('**Required**'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
 }

packages/flutter/test/material/text_form_field_test.dart

@@ -1663,4 +1663,25 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.text(forceErrorText), findsOne);
     expect(find.text(decorationErrorText), findsNothing);
   });
+
+  // Regression test for https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/135292.
+  testWidgets('Widget returned by errorBuilder is shown', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      MaterialApp(
+        home: Material(
+          child: Center(
+            child: TextFormField(
+              autovalidateMode: AutovalidateMode.always,
+              validator: (String? value) => 'validation error',
+              errorBuilder: (BuildContext context, String errorText) => Text('**$errorText**'),
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+
+    await tester.pump();
+
+    expect(find.text('**validation error**'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
 }