Make the focus node on SelectableRegion optional. (#158994)

## Description

This makes the `focusNode`  for `SelectableRegion` optional so that:
- Users of the widget are no longer required to use `SelectableRegion`
from within a `StatefulWidget`
- They aren't likely to forget to dispose of a node they didn't supply.
- Simpler to use, and the node is not used very often anyhow.

Also made the `SelectableRegion` sample actually use `SelectableRegion`.

## Tests
- Modified all the `SelectableRegion` tests to remove 3 identical lines
of boilerplate from each (except 2, which actually used their focus
nodes).

examples/api/lib/material/selectable_region/selectable_region.0.dart

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ class SelectableRegionExampleApp extends StatelessWidget {
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {
     return MaterialApp(
-      home: SelectionArea(
+      home: SelectableRegion(
+        selectionControls: materialTextSelectionControls,
         child: Scaffold(
           appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('SelectableRegion Sample')),
           body: const Center(

packages/flutter/lib/src/material/selection_area.dart

@@ -109,18 +109,10 @@ class SelectionArea extends StatefulWidget {
 
 /// State for a [SelectionArea].
 class SelectionAreaState extends State<SelectionArea> {
-  FocusNode get _effectiveFocusNode => widget.focusNode ?? (_internalNode ??= FocusNode());
-  FocusNode? _internalNode;
   final GlobalKey<SelectableRegionState> _selectableRegionKey = GlobalKey<SelectableRegionState>();
   /// The [State] of the [SelectableRegion] for which this [SelectionArea] wraps.
   SelectableRegionState get selectableRegion => _selectableRegionKey.currentState!;
 
-  @override
-  void dispose() {
-    _internalNode?.dispose();
-    super.dispose();
-  }
-
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {
     assert(debugCheckHasMaterialLocalizations(context));
@@ -133,7 +125,7 @@ class SelectionAreaState extends State<SelectionArea> {
     return SelectableRegion(
       key: _selectableRegionKey,
       selectionControls: controls,
-      focusNode: _effectiveFocusNode,
+      focusNode: widget.focusNode,
       contextMenuBuilder: widget.contextMenuBuilder,
       magnifierConfiguration: widget.magnifierConfiguration ?? TextMagnifier.adaptiveMagnifierConfiguration,
       onSelectionChanged: widget.onSelectionChanged,

packages/flutter/lib/src/widgets/selectable_region.dart

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ import 'text_selection.dart';
 import 'text_selection_toolbar_anchors.dart';
 
 // Examples can assume:
-// FocusNode _focusNode = FocusNode();
 // late GlobalKey key;
 
 const Set<PointerDeviceKind> _kLongPressSelectionDevices = <PointerDeviceKind>{
@@ -105,7 +104,6 @@ const double _kSelectableVerticalComparingThreshold = 3.0;
 /// MaterialApp(
 ///   home: SelectableRegion(
 ///     selectionControls: materialTextSelectionControls,
-///     focusNode: _focusNode, // initialized to FocusNode()
 ///     child: Scaffold(
 ///       appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Flutter Code Sample')),
 ///       body: ListView(
@@ -218,7 +216,7 @@ class SelectableRegion extends StatefulWidget {
   const SelectableRegion({
     super.key,
     this.contextMenuBuilder,
-    required this.focusNode,
+    this.focusNode,
     required this.selectionControls,
     required this.child,
     this.magnifierConfiguration = TextMagnifierConfiguration.disabled,
@@ -235,7 +233,7 @@ class SelectableRegion extends StatefulWidget {
   final TextMagnifierConfiguration magnifierConfiguration;
 
   /// {@macro flutter.widgets.Focus.focusNode}
-  final FocusNode focusNode;
+  final FocusNode? focusNode;
 
   /// The child widget this selection area applies to.
   ///
@@ -373,10 +371,14 @@ class SelectableRegionState extends State<SelectableRegion> with TextSelectionDe
   /// The list of native text processing actions provided by the engine.
   final List<ProcessTextAction> _processTextActions = <ProcessTextAction>[];
 
+  // The focus node to use if the widget didn't supply one.
+  FocusNode? _localFocusNode;
+  FocusNode get _focusNode => widget.focusNode ?? (_localFocusNode ??= FocusNode(debugLabel: 'SelectableRegion'));
+
   @override
   void initState() {
     super.initState();
-    widget.focusNode.addListener(_handleFocusChanged);
+    _focusNode.addListener(_handleFocusChanged);
     _initMouseGestureRecognizer();
     _initTouchGestureRecognizer();
     // Right clicks.
@@ -426,9 +428,15 @@ class SelectableRegionState extends State<SelectableRegion> with TextSelectionDe
   void didUpdateWidget(SelectableRegion oldWidget) {
     super.didUpdateWidget(oldWidget);
     if (widget.focusNode != oldWidget.focusNode) {
-      oldWidget.focusNode.removeListener(_handleFocusChanged);
-      widget.focusNode.addListener(_handleFocusChanged);
-      if (widget.focusNode.hasFocus != oldWidget.focusNode.hasFocus) {
+      if (oldWidget.focusNode == null && widget.focusNode != null) {
+        _localFocusNode?.removeListener(_handleFocusChanged);
+        _localFocusNode?.dispose();
+        _localFocusNode = null;
+      } else if (widget.focusNode == null && oldWidget.focusNode != null) {
+        oldWidget.focusNode!.removeListener(_handleFocusChanged);
+      }
+      _focusNode.addListener(_handleFocusChanged);
+      if (_focusNode.hasFocus != oldWidget.focusNode?.hasFocus) {
         _handleFocusChanged();
       }
     }
@@ -439,7 +447,7 @@ class SelectableRegionState extends State<SelectableRegion> with TextSelectionDe
   }
 
   void _handleFocusChanged() {
-    if (!widget.focusNode.hasFocus) {
+    if (!_focusNode.hasFocus) {
       if (kIsWeb) {
         PlatformSelectableRegionContextMenu.detach(_selectionDelegate);
       }
@@ -628,7 +636,7 @@ class SelectableRegionState extends State<SelectableRegion> with TextSelectionDe
     _lastPointerDeviceKind = details.kind;
     switch (_getEffectiveConsecutiveTapCount(details.consecutiveTapCount)) {
       case 1:
-        widget.focusNode.requestFocus();
+        _focusNode.requestFocus();
         switch (defaultTargetPlatform) {
           case TargetPlatform.android:
           case TargetPlatform.fuchsia:
@@ -843,7 +851,7 @@ class SelectableRegionState extends State<SelectableRegion> with TextSelectionDe
 
   void _handleTouchLongPressStart(LongPressStartDetails details) {
     HapticFeedback.selectionClick();
-    widget.focusNode.requestFocus();
+    _focusNode.requestFocus();
     _selectWordAt(offset: details.globalPosition);
     // Platforms besides Android will show the text selection handles when
     // the long press is initiated. Android shows the text selection handles when
@@ -883,7 +891,7 @@ class SelectableRegionState extends State<SelectableRegion> with TextSelectionDe
     final Offset? previousSecondaryTapDownPosition = _lastSecondaryTapDownPosition;
     final bool toolbarIsVisible = _selectionOverlay?.toolbarIsVisible ?? false;
     _lastSecondaryTapDownPosition = details.globalPosition;
-    widget.focusNode.requestFocus();
+    _focusNode.requestFocus();
     switch (defaultTargetPlatform) {
       case TargetPlatform.android:
       case TargetPlatform.fuchsia:
@@ -1706,6 +1714,9 @@ class SelectableRegionState extends State<SelectableRegion> with TextSelectionDe
     _selectionOverlay?.hideMagnifier();
     _selectionOverlay?.dispose();
     _selectionOverlay = null;
+    widget.focusNode?.removeListener(_handleFocusChanged);
+    _localFocusNode?.removeListener(_handleFocusChanged);
+    _localFocusNode?.dispose();
     super.dispose();
   }
 
@@ -1730,9 +1741,9 @@ class SelectableRegionState extends State<SelectableRegion> with TextSelectionDe
         excludeFromSemantics: true,
         child: Actions(
           actions: _actions,
-          child: Focus(
+          child: Focus.withExternalFocusNode(
             includeSemantics: false,
-            focusNode: widget.focusNode,
+            focusNode: _focusNode,
             child: result,
           ),
         ),

packages/flutter/test/widgets/default_colors_test.dart

@@ -69,11 +69,8 @@ void main() {
 
   testWidgets('Default text selection color', (WidgetTester tester) async {
     final GlobalKey key = GlobalKey();
-    final FocusNode focusNode = FocusNode();
-    addTearDown(focusNode.dispose);
     final OverlayEntry overlayEntry = OverlayEntry(
       builder: (BuildContext context) => SelectableRegion(
-        focusNode: focusNode,
         selectionControls: emptyTextSelectionControls,
         child: Align(
           key: key,