Identify and re-throw our dependency checking errors in flutter.groovy (#149609)

The application of the `dependency_version_checker` gradle plugin is wrapped in a try catch, which prevented blocking the build in https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/149204. This pr re-throws the errors we intended to throw.

packages/flutter_tools/gradle/src/main/groovy/flutter.groovy

@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@ class FlutterExtension {
 
         return flutterVersionName
     }
-
 }
 
 // This buildscript block supplies dependencies for this file's own import
@@ -340,10 +339,27 @@ class FlutterPlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
                         "packages", "flutter_tools", "gradle", "src", "main", "kotlin",
                         "dependency_version_checker.gradle.kts")
                 project.apply from: dependencyCheckerPluginPath
-            } catch (Exception ignored) {
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // If the exception was thrown by us in the dependency version checker plugin then
+                // re-throw it.
+                Exception outer = e.getCause()
+                if (outer != null) {
+                    Exception inner = outer.getCause()
+                    if (inner != null) {
+                        Exception unwrapped = inner.getCause()
+                        if (unwrapped != null) {
+                            if (unwrapped instanceof DependencyValidationException) {
+                                throw e
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Otherwise, dependency version checking has failed. Log and continue
+                // the build.
                 project.logger.error("Warning: Flutter was unable to detect project Gradle, Java, " +
                         "AGP, and KGP versions. Skipping dependency version checking. Error was: "
-                        + ignored)
+                        + e)
             }
         }
 
@@ -1814,3 +1830,15 @@ class FlutterTask extends BaseFlutterTask {
     }
 
 }
+
+// Custom error for when the dependency_version_checker.kts script finds a dependency out of
+// the defined support range.
+class DependencyValidationException extends Exception {
+    public DependencyValidationException(String errorMessage) {
+        super(errorMessage);
+    }
+
+    public DependencyValidationException(String errorMessage, Throwable cause) {
+        super(errorMessage, cause);
+    }
+}

packages/flutter_tools/gradle/src/main/kotlin/dependency_version_checker.gradle.kts

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class DependencyVersionChecker {
                         errorGradleVersion.toString(),
                         getPotentialGradleFix(project.getRootDir().getPath())
                     )
-                throw GradleException(errorMessage)
+                throw DependencyValidationException(errorMessage)
             } else if (version < warnGradleVersion) {
                 val warnMessage: String =
                     getWarnMessage(
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class DependencyVersionChecker {
                         errorJavaVersion.toString(),
                         POTENTIAL_JAVA_FIX
                     )
-                throw GradleException(errorMessage)
+                throw DependencyValidationException(errorMessage)
             } else if (version < warnJavaVersion) {
                 val warnMessage: String =
                     getWarnMessage(
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ class DependencyVersionChecker {
                         errorAGPVersion.toString(),
                         getPotentialAGPFix(project.getRootDir().getPath())
                     )
-                throw GradleException(errorMessage)
+                throw DependencyValidationException(errorMessage)
             } else if (version < warnAGPVersion) {
                 val warnMessage: String =
                     getWarnMessage(
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ class DependencyVersionChecker {
                         errorKGPVersion.toString(),
                         getPotentialKGPFix(project.getRootDir().getPath())
                     )
-                throw GradleException(errorMessage)
+                throw DependencyValidationException(errorMessage)
             } else if (version < warnKGPVersion) {
                 val warnMessage: String =
                     getWarnMessage(