Add windows build version detection (#154797)
With this PR flutter doctor will report the actual Windows version. This
resolves #154796
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The flutter doctor result is with this patch like this:
```
[√] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.24.2, on Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22631.4037], locale de-DE)
[√] Windows Version (Windows 11 - 23H2)
[√] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 34.0.0)
[√] Chrome - develop for the web
[√] Visual Studio - develop Windows apps (Visual Studio Community 2022 17.8.3)
[√] Android Studio (version 2024.1)
[√] Connected device (3 available)
[√] Network resources
• No issues found!
```
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---------
Co-authored-by: Andrew Kolos <andrewrkolos@gmail.com>
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